Recientemente he cambiado de oficina. La nueva oficina está situada en el centro de la ciudad, por lo que hay múltiples puntos de acceso, tanto controlados por la empresa como externos.
La conexión inalámbrica del portátil se desconecta poco después de que me conecte a la red por primera vez por la mañana. También parece desconectarse cuando grupos de personas se unen a la red a lo largo del día (por ejemplo, después de las reuniones). No tengo este problema en otras redes.
El problema sólo ocurre con los portátiles Mac de nuestra red. Los dispositivos Linux, Windows y Android parecen seguir conectados.
OS X El Capitan (10.11.6)
AirPort Extreme (0x14E4, 0x134)
Firmeware Version: Broadcom BCM43xx 1.0 (7.21.95.175.1a6)
WPA2 Personal
RSSI: -50 dBm
Noise: -90 dBm
Channel: 132 (DFS)
Channel width: 80 MHz
Utilicé Onyx para recoger información sobre la conexión cuando falló más recientemente.
Desde el fondo del wifi.log:
Tue Aug 30 10:57:55.635 <airportd[62]> _SC_callback: Changed keys = { 'Setup:/Network/Interface/en0/AirPort' }
Tue Aug 30 10:57:55.651 SC: <airportd[62]> airportdProcessSystemConfigurationEvent: Processing 'Setup:/Network/Interface/en0/AirPort'
De wifi-oCZ0nU.log:
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.033 Driver Event: <airportd[62]> _bsd_80211_event_callback: DUMP_LOGS (en0)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.034 Info: <airportd[62]> SCAN request received from pid 452 (WiFiProxy) with priority 2
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.142 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.158 Info: <airportd[62]> GET CURRENT TETHER DEVICE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.160 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY GAS CACHE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.162 Info: <airportd[62]> GET CURRENT TETHER DEVICE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.179 Info: <CoreWLAN PPPController[345]> -[CWEAPOLClient eapolClientSupplicantState]: failed to retrieve 8021X state (2)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.180 Info: <CoreWLAN PPPController[345]> -[CWEAPOLClient eapolClientSupplicantState]: failed to retrieve 8021X state (2)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.260 Driver Event: <airportd[62]> _bsd_80211_event_callback: SCAN_CACHE_UPDATED (en0)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 AutoJoin: <airportd[62]> Successful cache-assisted scan request for WiFiProxy with channels {(
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b13c60> [channelNumber=1(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b11080> [channelNumber=2(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b050d0> [channelNumber=3(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b15ca0> [channelNumber=4(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b0ead0> [channelNumber=5(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b047d0> [channelNumber=6(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active]
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 )} took 0.2275 seconds, returned 1 results
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.262 Info: <Wi-Fi Menu Extra[345]> scan cache updated
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.273 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.280 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 86 (locationd)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.288 Info: <airportd[62]> GET CURRENT TETHER DEVICE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.289 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY GAS CACHE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.292 Info: <airportd[62]> GET CURRENT TETHER DEVICE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.307 Info: <CoreWLAN PPPController[345]> -[CWEAPOLClient eapolClientSupplicantState]: failed to retrieve 8021X state (2)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.308 Info: <CoreWLAN PPPController[345]> -[CWEAPOLClient eapolClientSupplicantState]: failed to retrieve 8021X state (2)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.489 Driver Event: <airportd[62]> _bsd_80211_event_callback: SCAN_CACHE_UPDATED (en0)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.491 AutoJoin: <airportd[62]> Successful cache-assisted scan request for WiFiProxy with channels {(
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.491 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b04ea0> [channelNumber=7(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.491 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b09370> [channelNumber=8(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.491 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b1c2b0> [channelNumber=9(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.491 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b01c30> [channelNumber=10(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.491 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b02f10> [channelNumber=11(2GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.491 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b1c3c0> [channelNumber=36(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, active]
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.491 )} took 0.2290 seconds, returned 2 results
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.492 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 86 (locationd)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.744 Driver Event: <airportd[62]> _bsd_80211_event_callback: SCAN_CACHE_UPDATED (en0)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 AutoJoin: <airportd[62]> Successful cache-assisted scan request for WiFiProxy with channels {(
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b15580> [channelNumber=40(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b090b0> [channelNumber=44(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b09a10> [channelNumber=48(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b06850> [channelNumber=132(5GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b12c90> [channelNumber=136(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, active, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b14430> [channelNumber=140(5GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active, DFS]
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 )} took 0.2557 seconds, returned 4 results
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.747 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 86 (locationd)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.979 Driver Event: <airportd[62]> _bsd_80211_event_callback: SCAN_CACHE_UPDATED (en0)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.981 AutoJoin: <airportd[62]> Successful cache-assisted scan request for WiFiProxy with channels {(
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.981 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b070b0> [channelNumber=144(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, active, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.981 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b1b960> [channelNumber=149(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.981 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b0a9e0> [channelNumber=153(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.981 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b1d500> [channelNumber=157(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.981 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b0ba60> [channelNumber=161(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, active],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.981 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b152c0> [channelNumber=165(5GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, active]
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.981 )} took 0.2337 seconds, returned 1 results
Tue Aug 30 11:01:34.982 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 86 (locationd)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.470 Info: <airportd[62]> STOP BROWSING TETHER DEVICES request received from pid 452 (WiFiProxy)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.470 Info: <WiFiAgent[386]> STOP BROWSING TETHER DEVICES request received
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.869 Driver Event: <airportd[62]> _bsd_80211_event_callback: SCAN_CACHE_UPDATED (en0)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 AutoJoin: <airportd[62]> Successful cache-assisted scan request for WiFiProxy with channels {(
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b09f90> [channelNumber=52(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b0a3b0> [channelNumber=56(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b149a0> [channelNumber=60(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b14dc0> [channelNumber=64(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b17240> [channelNumber=100(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b15940> [channelNumber=104(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, DFS]
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 )} took 0.8906 seconds, returned 4 results
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.872 Info: <Wi-Fi Menu Extra[345]> scan cache updated
Tue Aug 30 11:01:35.883 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 86 (locationd)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.375 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.387 Info: <airportd[62]> GET CURRENT TETHER DEVICE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.395 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY GAS CACHE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.397 Info: <airportd[62]> GET CURRENT TETHER DEVICE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.407 Info: <CoreWLAN PPPController[345]> -[CWEAPOLClient eapolClientSupplicantState]: failed to retrieve 8021X state (2)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.407 Info: <CoreWLAN PPPController[345]> -[CWEAPOLClient eapolClientSupplicantState]: failed to retrieve 8021X state (2)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.413 Info: <airportd[62]> START BROWSING TETHER DEVICES request received from pid 452 (WiFiProxy)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.414 Info: <WiFiAgent[386]> START BROWSING TETHER DEVICES request received
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.524 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.537 Info: <airportd[62]> GET CURRENT TETHER DEVICE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.538 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY GAS CACHE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.541 Info: <airportd[62]> GET CURRENT TETHER DEVICE request received from pid 345 (SystemUIServer)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.550 Info: <CoreWLAN PPPController[345]> -[CWEAPOLClient eapolClientSupplicantState]: failed to retrieve 8021X state (2)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.550 Info: <CoreWLAN PPPController[345]> -[CWEAPOLClient eapolClientSupplicantState]: failed to retrieve 8021X state (2)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.855 Driver Event: <airportd[62]> _bsd_80211_event_callback: SCAN_CACHE_UPDATED (en0)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.857 AutoJoin: <airportd[62]> Successful cache-assisted scan request for WiFiProxy with channels {(
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.857 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b0e400> [channelNumber=108(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.857 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b17700> [channelNumber=112(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.857 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b17b20> [channelNumber=116(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(+1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.857 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b17f40> [channelNumber=120(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.857 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b10ef0> [channelNumber=124(5GHz), channelWidth={20MHz}, DFS],
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.857 <CWChannel: 0x7f95c5b017e0> [channelNumber=128(5GHz), channelWidth={40MHz(-1)}, DFS]
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.857 )} took 0.9852 seconds, returned 1 results
Tue Aug 30 11:01:36.880 Info: <airportd[62]> QUERY SCAN CACHE request received from pid 86 (locationd)
Tue Aug 30 11:01:37.923 IPC: <airportd[62]> ADDED XPC CLIENT CONNECTION [wdhelper (pid=75, euid=0, egid=0)]
Tue Aug 30 11:01:37.924 Info: <airportd[62]> DUMP TEMP WIFI LOG request received from pid 75 (wdhelper)
Aquí están los puntos de acceso relevantes de la exploración:
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:08:20, channel=[6, width=20], cc=US, type=11n, rssi=-52, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:08:30, channel=[149, width=80], cc=US, type=11ac, rssi=-54, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:36:a0, channel=[1, width=20], cc=US, type=11n, rssi=-55, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:36:b0, channel=[36, width=80], cc=US, type=11ac, rssi=-57, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:37:f0, channel=[132, width=80], cc=US, type=11ac, rssi=-59, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:38:30, channel=[52, width=80], cc=US, type=11ac, rssi=-53, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:39:60, channel=[6, width=20], cc=US, type=11n, rssi=-52, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:39:70, channel=[116, width=80], cc=US, type=11ac, rssi=-63, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:3e:f0, channel=[100, width=80], cc=US, type=11ac, rssi=-63, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:43:c0, channel=[11, width=20], cc=US, type=11n, rssi=-38, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
'TS' <5453>, bssid=f0:5c:19:25:43:d0, channel=[132, width=80], cc=US, type=11ac, rssi=-49, rsn=[mcast=aes_ccm, ucast={ aes_ccm }, auths={ psk ft_psk }, caps=0x28], wpa=(null), wep=no, ibss=no, ph=no, swap=no, hs20=no, airport=no,
Controla los resultados:
08/30/16 10:57:18.0800 LAN: WiFi interface can ping IPv4 router 172.31.98.1 . . . YES —— [1/1 (0% loss) min=1.3 max=1.3 avg=1.3]
08/30/16 10:57:18.2070 WAN: WiFi interface can ping DNS server 17.254.0.50 . . . YES —— [1/1 (0% loss) min=73.5 max=73.5 avg=73.5]
08/30/16 10:57:18.2070 TS / ch132 [RSSI=-50 dBm, Noise=-93 dBm, SNR=43, Tx=1053 Mbps]
08/30/16 10:57:18.2070 AWDL: Disabled [0 ]
08/30/16 10:57:31.2700 LAN: WiFi interface can ping IPv4 router 172.31.98.1 . . . NO —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:33.2830 QOS (BK_SYS) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:35.2960 QOS (BK) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:37.3120 QOS (BE) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:39.3220 QOS (RD) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:41.3370 QOS (OAM) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:43.3520 QOS (AV) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:45.3650 QOS (RV) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:47.3820 QOS (VI) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:49.3860 QOS (VO) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:51.3910 QOS (CTL) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:51.3920 TS / ch132 [RSSI=-50 dBm, Noise=-94 dBm, SNR=44, Tx=1053 Mbps]
08/30/16 10:57:51.3920 AWDL: Disabled [0 ]
08/30/16 10:57:51.3920 UNEXPECTED DROP DETECTED!!!
# --- Monitor Test Cases
08/30/16 10:57:55.6770 Wi-Fi On . . . YES
08/30/16 10:57:55.6780 Wi-Fi Associated . . . YES
08/30/16 10:57:57.6910 QOS (BK_SYS) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:57:59.7050 QOS (BK) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:01.7180 QOS (BE) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:03.7300 QOS (RD) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:05.7450 QOS (OAM) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:07.7600 QOS (AV) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:09.7730 QOS (RV) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:11.7870 QOS (VI) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:13.8000 QOS (VO) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:15.8150 QOS (CTL) ping address 172.31.98.1 . . . fail —— [0/1 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
08/30/16 10:58:23.8760 LAN: WiFi interface can ping IPv4 router 172.31.98.1 . . . NO —— [0/4 (1% loss) min=0.0 max=0.0 avg=0.0]
# --- Monitor Summary
08/30/16 10:58:26.7230 LAN Connectivity Failure
Me han dicho que esto es sobre todo un problema personal y no algo en lo que IT pueda ayudar, así que esperaba que alguien aquí pudiera ayudar.