Hace tiempo que tengo curiosidad por esto y por fin me he decidido a descargar Xcode 11.5 tanto el MAS como el xip firmado desde la página "More Downloads" del portal dev para compararlos.
TL;DR - Los ejecutables están firmados de manera diferente, utilizando diferentes certificados (técnicamente por diferentes equipos). Eso resume la totalidad de las diferencias reales entre las dos distribuciones. No estoy seguro de cuáles son las diferencias prácticas, obviamente la versión MAS se comporta como una aplicación de la App Store (recibo de instalación, actualización a través de la App Store, eliminación manteniendo el icono en el Launchpad, etc.)
Primero amplié el xip para la versión de descarga directa. xip --expand ~/Downloads/Xcode_11.5.xip
y acaba de enumerar todos los archivos del paquete de aplicaciones.
Recuerdo que las herramientas de desarrollo solían ser una instalación opcional en el DVD de aplicaciones para las primeras versiones de Mac OS X, pero no recuerdo si la descarga desde el portal de desarrollo fue alguna vez un paquete instalador. Ahora es sólo el paquete de aplicaciones en un archivo xip firmado, unxip y arrastrar y soltar.
find Xcode.app -print > ~/xcode_xip.txt
cd /Applications
find Xcode.app -print > ~/xcode_mas.txt
Al comparar las dos listas sólo se observan tres archivos que faltan en el xip, a saber, el recibo MAS esperado en su directorio para la versión de la App Store, y también un perfil de aprovisionamiento incrustado por alguna razón.
% diff -d xcode_*.txt
4a5,6
> Xcode.app/Contents/_MASReceipt
> Xcode.app/Contents/_MASReceipt/receipt
438092a438095
> Xcode.app/Contents/embedded.provisionprofile
Eso no explica la diferencia de tamaño en el disco, pero tampoco me saltó nada, como quizás un paquete de instalación que fuera más grande en una versión que en la otra. Así que tomé la ruta tonta y comparé la suma de comprobación md5 de cada archivo regular:
find Xcode.app -type f -exec md5 {} \; > ~/xcode_xip.txt
cd /Applications
find Xcode.app -type f -exec md5 {} \; > ~/xcode_mas.txt
El diff
(básicamente los dos archivos anteriores más todos los ejecutables):
% diff -d xcode_*.txt
111c111
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/FileMerge.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = 5d9ae99a64ada155ecf006c477fbe93b
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/FileMerge.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = f6c3c55102051d62bc026440def0f8b3
113c113
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/FileMerge.app/Contents/MacOS/FileMerge) = 1cdd149d6cbcb13b45a1ca891a307a91
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/FileMerge.app/Contents/MacOS/FileMerge) = 9b4cd41e3af4876c34431ada0ec2d243
163c163
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Instruments.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = bf7f544265540c4bed1554926e35e68b
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Instruments.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = 55365d0286c087f4473a1a513798ab9b
301c301
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Instruments.app/Contents/MacOS/Instruments) = 21c152c13d84ebbeeba04e9fbedd4b89
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Instruments.app/Contents/MacOS/Instruments) = c77f62a69ce6bddbf625efb19bfa78b4
1244,1245c1244,1245
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = 9143d8590935a33edb22d91808a31705
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Applications/Simulator.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = c1ad957e6476064a857884837a3c0318
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = d3849a302f34e7613a86091af9a0e763
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Applications/Simulator.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = 856287f030221f18e75742e2292642af
1247c1247
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Applications/Simulator.app/Contents/MacOS/Simulator) = 375673b951a482a5e2e96b0ca937c381
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Applications/Simulator.app/Contents/MacOS/Simulator) = 6841cb9328b89a3c1936f04902e4a616
1544c1544
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = fba56f09ac0737c2f8f58dcfba157054
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = 986ce0bd8d5d60294dbcfb5ffba74ebb
1657c1657
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/Python3) = d2118e15e3009e4af9319f71d135114b
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/Python3) = ac2f8e43860f8a5b7eddad0a36862d01
1659c1659
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = 60ed9adc9bf6b374d566f238a172f531
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources) = 9c6efb66687e0abc128741e27546b5c3
1661c1661
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python) = 7e1c113e4b561a4b6dd986de605b9734
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python) = 66280d3a3f2224e8ce15e32622608c6c
303849,303850c303849
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/_MASReceipt/receipt) = 80c6e009b4e3ea49f107cbc91c47ae97
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/MacOS/Xcode) = 74e48c398a76e36ffcb717e733eba286
---
> MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/MacOS/Xcode) = 59d80c2dd1bac84bebbd2c3c94940e37
315285d315283
< MD5 (Xcode.app/Contents/embedded.provisionprofile) = d4a96b37d356be71dd000f8c5fb51916
No conozco muy bien los detalles de la codificación del paquete de aplicaciones de MacOS, pero parece ser la mayor diferencia. Básicamente, la versión de MAS está firmada usando un proceso más reciente que la distribución del archivo xip, más cercano a lo que Apple aconseja hacer en el desarrollo de un nuevo proyecto (aunque ninguno de ellos es como las típicas apps, siendo el IDE con depurador incluido que es Xcode). El certamen utilizado también es diferente.
MAS:
% codesign -dvvv --deep -r- /Applications/Xcode.app
Executable=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/MacOS/Xcode
Identifier=com.apple.dt.Xcode
Format=app bundle with Mach-O thin (x86_64)
CodeDirectory v=20200 size=469 flags=0x2000(library-validation) hashes=7+5 location=embedded
Hash type=sha256 size=32
CandidateCDHash sha1=e7b303a96a38351b6b2a7c4d8117704c82cf28a9
CandidateCDHashFull sha1=e7b303a96a38351b6b2a7c4d8117704c82cf28a9
CandidateCDHash sha256=dd839ddedd3f40999e53e76a2d4e556fcdd46f6c
CandidateCDHashFull sha256=dd839ddedd3f40999e53e76a2d4e556fcdd46f6ce4b6cbbcca50a415820817f6
Hash choices=sha1,sha256
CMSDigest=014acc18a5b1cef7e9133a809c3c189075292bc39062f7dc81418d8d0229d22d
CMSDigestType=2
CDHash=dd839ddedd3f40999e53e76a2d4e556fcdd46f6c
Signature size=4698
Authority=Apple Mac OS Application Signing
Authority=Apple Worldwide Developer Relations Certification Authority
Authority=Apple Root CA
Info.plist entries=40
TeamIdentifier=APPLECOMPUTER
Sealed Resources version=2 rules=13 files=309580
Nested=SharedFrameworks/MarkupSupport.framework
Nested=XPCServices/com.apple.dt.Xcode.XcodeSelectXPCService.xpc
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DebugHierarchyKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/IDEPlaygroundExecution.framework
Nested=PlugIns/IDESourceCodeComparisonEditor.ideplugin
Nested=SharedFrameworks/MLRecipeBinder.framework
Nested=PlugIns/RCIDESupportUI.ideplugin
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTLibraryKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/XCBuild.framework
Nested=PlugIns/XCBuildSupportUI.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/IDEQuickLookEditor.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/RCIDESupportCore.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/DebuggerUI.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/IDESwiftPackageSupportUI.ideplugin
Nested=Frameworks/libLTO.dylib
Nested=SharedFrameworks/XCResultKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTDeviceFoundation.framework
Nested=PlugIns/IDEMLModelEditorPlugin.ideplugin
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Nested=PlugIns/IDEiPhoneSupport.ideplugin
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Nested=SharedFrameworks/UVPreviewPipeline.framework
Nested=Library/Spotlight/uuid.mdimporter
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Nested=SharedFrameworks/IDEPlaygroundsFoundation.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/XCSourceControl.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/CoreRE.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTStructuredLayoutKit.framework
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Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTSourceEditor.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DebugHierarchyFoundation.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/GLToolsExpert.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/MLRecipeExecutionController.framework
Nested=PlugIns/UVKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/SymbolicationDT.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTExplorableKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/IDEPegasusPlaygroundEditor.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/MTLToolsShaderProfiler.framework
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designated => (anchor apple generic and certificate leaf[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.1.9] /* exists */ or anchor apple generic and certificate 1[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.2.6] /* exists */ and certificate leaf[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.1.13] /* exists */ and certificate leaf[subject.OU] = APPLECOMPUTER) and identifier "com.apple.dt.Xcode"
XIP:
% codesign -dvvv --deep -r- ~/Downloads/Xcode.app
Executable=/Users/kumowoon1025/Downloads/Xcode.app/Contents/MacOS/Xcode
Identifier=com.apple.dt.Xcode
Format=app bundle with Mach-O thin (x86_64)
CodeDirectory v=20200 size=466 flags=0x2000(library-validation) hashes=7+5 location=embedded
Hash type=sha256 size=32
CandidateCDHash sha256=5ca5968297a6579459897ead749daa0d7a1bd0f7
CandidateCDHashFull sha256=5ca5968297a6579459897ead749daa0d7a1bd0f71f6573d6da0725e21616ab64
Hash choices=sha256
CMSDigest=5ca5968297a6579459897ead749daa0d7a1bd0f71f6573d6da0725e21616ab64
CMSDigestType=2
CDHash=5ca5968297a6579459897ead749daa0d7a1bd0f7
Signature size=4547
Authority=Software Signing
Authority=Apple Code Signing Certification Authority
Authority=Apple Root CA
Info.plist entries=40
TeamIdentifier=59GAB85EFG
Sealed Resources version=2 rules=13 files=309579
Nested=SharedFrameworks/MarkupSupport.framework
Nested=XPCServices/com.apple.dt.Xcode.XcodeSelectXPCService.xpc
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DebugHierarchyKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/IDEPlaygroundExecution.framework
Nested=PlugIns/IDESourceCodeComparisonEditor.ideplugin
Nested=SharedFrameworks/MLRecipeBinder.framework
Nested=PlugIns/RCIDESupportUI.ideplugin
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTLibraryKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/XCBuild.framework
Nested=PlugIns/XCBuildSupportUI.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/IDEQuickLookEditor.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/RCIDESupportCore.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/DebuggerUI.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/IDESwiftPackageSupportUI.ideplugin
Nested=Frameworks/libLTO.dylib
Nested=SharedFrameworks/XCResultKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTDeviceFoundation.framework
Nested=PlugIns/IDEMLModelEditorPlugin.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/IDEPegasusSourceEditor.ideplugin
Nested=PlugIns/DebuggerFoundation.ideplugin
Nested=SharedFrameworks/RCFoundation.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTDeviceKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DTGraphKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/LLDBRPC.framework
Nested=PlugIns/IDEInterfaceBuilderKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTFoundation.framework
Nested=PlugIns/IDEiPhoneSupport.ideplugin
Nested=SharedFrameworks/MTLToolsServices.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTIconKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTMarkup.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/RealityKit.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTServices.framework
Nested=PlugIns/Xcode3Core.ideplugin
Nested=SharedFrameworks/GLToolsCore.framework
Nested=Frameworks/IBFoundation.framework
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Nested=XPCServices/com.apple.dt.Xcode.PlaygroundLiveViewHost.xpc
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Nested=SharedFrameworks/PreviewMessaging.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/GPUToolsMobileFoundation.framework
Nested=SharedFrameworks/SourceKit.framework
Nested=PlugIns/GPUDebugger.ideplugin
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Nested=XPCServices/com.apple.dt.Xcode.LicenseAgreementXPCService.xpc
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Nested=Frameworks/IDEFoundation.framework
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Nested=XPCServices/com.apple.dt.Xcode.PlaygroundStub-macosx.xpc
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Nested=SharedFrameworks/DVTUserInterfaceKit.framework
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Nested=PlugIns/IDECacheDeleteAppExtension.appex
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Nested=SharedFrameworks/IDEMLCompilerCore.framework
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designated => identifier "com.apple.dt.Xcode" and anchor apple
1 votos
La App Store necesita tus datos de facturación para que puedas comprar cosas (aplicaciones, compras dentro de la aplicación, etc.) en el futuro. En general, no te permiten descargar ni siquiera aplicaciones gratuitas sin una tarjeta de crédito, una tarjeta de débito o un crédito de la tienda, según parece. Así que esto no es especial para Xcode.
0 votos
En realidad, me las arreglé para obtener un ID de la tienda de aplicaciones de Apple sin tarjeta de crédito (pero tuvo que dar la dirección de facturación) después de leer algunas otras preguntas en SE sobre él (su documentado por Apple también). Sin embargo, la opción de omitir la información de la tarjeta de crédito sólo está disponible mientras que cuando crea su ID de Apple por primera vez, y no cuando quiere vincular su ID de desarrollador de Apple a AppStore revisando su perfil para AppStore (es decir, añadir información de facturación)
0 votos
Es posible crear un inicio de sesión en Apple sin la información de la tarjeta de crédito, pero requiere algunos pasos bastante oscuros para hacerlo. La ventaja de la versión de la App Store es que esta es la forma en que se envían las actualizaciones.
0 votos
Puede que me equivoque, pero ¿la versión de la Mac App Store no permite la actualización progresiva? Esto requeriría algún tipo de gestor de paquetes que no creo que la versión descargada tenga ya que una actualización en eso requiere una descarga completa de nuevo.